Nelson Higgins was born in Otsego County, NY on 1 Sep, 1806 (one month after the end of the Holy Roman Empire) to Daniel Higgins and Mary Dagget. The name Nelson means courageous, a champion, the chief. It didn’t take long for Nelson to live up to that name, and he did so throughout his life .

Several articles report that Nelson’s dad moved to Ohio when Nelson was 10 years old, but they don’t mention whether his mother went with his dad or not. Nevertheless, Nelson was left with his married sister in Otsego County, NY. His sister died less than one year later and Nelson decided to go find his dad in Huron County, Ohio (about 40 miles SW of Kirtland, Ohio). He journeyed by himself for the entire distance of about 400 miles and succeeded in finding his father .

That was the first account of him living up to the name of Nelson, which means courageous. It was probably a special blessing to his father to have him back home because his father only lived another 13 years after that.

Nelson married Sarah Blackman 24 Dec, 1826 in Huron County, Ohio. It hasn’t been determined how he met her, but he probably met her as a neighbor after going to Ohio to find his father. Sarah was reportedly born 5 Apr, 1806 in Columbus, Oswego, NY, but both of her parents were born and died in Ohio. It is reasonable therefore, to assume she lived near Nelson in her teenage years.

In 1834, Nelson & Sarah learned about the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) and they were baptized that year. Nelson was soon ordained a priest, and was assigned to preside over the small group of converts in that area. That must have been a brief assignment because he accompanied Joseph Smith and others of Zion’s Camp to Missouri that year. Zion’s Camp was a brutal experience that acted as a refiner’s fire on its members. They marched over 1000 miles and at the end of the journey, they contracted Cholera. Some fell away from the Church because of the tremendous hardships endured there, but others were anchored more solidly in their faith and testimony and Nelson was one of those. He remained true to the Church and to his Savior throughout his life and Zion’s Camp was probably the cementing influence upon his life. In February, 1835, Joseph Smith called a meeting of the members of Zion’s Camp and organized the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from that group of men.

Nelson and Sarah went through the extreme persecutions inflicted upon the Kirtland saints in spite of the fact that he lived 40 miles southwest of Kirtland. He was ordained an Elder at the time of the dedication of the Kirtland Temple (27 March, 1836). Soon after that, he was ordained a seventy and became a member of the first Quorum of Seventy. One account states that Nelson & Sarah were baptized by Orson Hyde in 1833, and that he became an Elder shortly after that because he helped ordain John E. Page an Elder on 12 Sep, 1833.

As the persecutions escalated, Nelson and his family moved with the saints to Far West, Missouri. That was but a brief respite, however, because they were driven from there to Nauvoo, Illinois. They helped change the ugly, mosquito infested swamps of that area to a beautiful city that caused the entire state of Illinois to take notice. Their son, Alonzo, died in May, 1839, but we don’t know if they were in Illinois by that time. Their fifth child, Heber Kimball Higgins was born in September of that year in Hancock County, Illinois, so we know they were there by then.

The few years of peace in Nauvoo must have been a welcome experience for the saints who had been pushed from Kirtland, to Missouri, to Illinois. Nelson worked as a carpenter on the Nauvoo Temple and when it was completed enough to do endowments, both Nelson and Sarah were endowed on 5 June, 1846. There were 104 endowments done on that day. When the Nauvoo Legion was formed, Nelson Higgins became a 2nd lieutenant and then a lieutenant colonel. Times were good and times were bad. Persecution began to grow in the area, and a spirit of apostasy began to take hold of some of the members. Some of Nelson’s close friends fell away from the church at that time.

After the martyrdom of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. He organized the Second Quorum of Seventy and ordained Nelson as one of the Seven Presidents of the Second Quorum of Seventies. Persecutions continued to increase, and Nelson and Sarah moved out of Nauvoo only a few weeks after they received their endowments.

Prior to leaving Nauvoo, Daniel Allen, Nelson Higgins, and Samuel Shepherd were called as a committee to sell properties belonging to the saints in the Bear Creek area. They were successful in collecting a good deal of money for the saints, but when they returned, the mobs had hit Nauvoo and the exodus had already begun. This is the first thread we find that ties the families of Nelson Higgins and Daniel Allen in their dedicated struggle for survival. Their relationship must have been a close one because Daniel’s daughter, Diantha, married Nelson’s son, Alfred. We know Daniel was one of the last three families to leave Nauvoo, so there is a good possibility that the other two wagons were those of Nelson & Samuel. Also, Daniel went to Manti to set up a tannery in 1854, and the two children were married in 1858, so their friendship must have lasted a lifetime.

Upon arriving at Winter Quarters, Nelson joined the Mormon Battalion. This was done with mixed emotions because the government was asking them to help defend the country that had mobbed & killed so many of them. The following is quoted from the journal of Nathaniel V. Jones, who was one of the men enlisted in Nelson Higgins’ company: “Got to Grand River, west of Pisgah, camped there until Colonel Allen came along with his aide authorized to raise a Battalion of Mormons of 500 men. You can better imagine my feelings than I can describe then. I must ask pardon for thinking or saying they may all go to hell together. I will see them (meaning the whole United States) in hell before I will fire one shot against a foreigner for them, those who have mobbed, robbed, plundered and destroyed us all the day long and now seek to enslave us to fight for them. I could not find words hard enough to say in just anger for that kind of treatment. However, President Brigham Young, Richards, Kimball, Benson and others came to us on the Missouri stream and preached faith into us for we were all mad. They said it would all be overruled for the best, and the only thing left for us was to furnish 500 men and march against the Mexicans, and they would try what could be done to have us get the country of California for fighting for it, and also get discharged with our guns and accoutrements, for said they ‘we know there is a deep settled plan if we do not raise these men that the mob will come against us and cut us all off, and not allow us to cross the Missouri River .’”

Nevertheless, in June of 1846, Nelson had moved his family to Winter Quarters, news of the war with Mexico was received, the Mormon Battalion was formed, Nelson joined, was appointed captain of Company D, and traveled over 100 miles up the Arkansas. The march began on July 21. That was a time of tremendous change and hardship on all that were involved. His family was able to journey with him because the army hired Sarah and two of her daughters to help with the laundry. One writer, John Steel, indicated that they started out with 1 spoon, 1 fork, 1 knife, a tin cup, and one blanket for each person . They traveled from Fort Leavenworth up the Kearns River to the Arkansas, which they followed up stream for another hundred miles. The last crossing of the Arkansas was on 15 September, 1846, and Nelson was given orders to go with a sick detachment to Bents Fort in Pueblo, which was hundreds of miles from any other town, but it was the best refuge they could find to stay out the winter. This was the first detachment sent to Pueblo and was called the Arkansas River Detachment. Food was scarce and many died that winter in Pueblo. After Nelson Higgins got the detachment to Pueblo, he returned to Santa Fe to rejoin the battalion there, but he arrived after the battalion had gone on. The local commanding officer gave Nelson permission to return to Pueblo on detached duty to help care for those wintering there. While there, the Higgins family increased with the birth of their 9th child.

We get a glimpse of Nelson from his pension file from the battalion. It shows him as 5’11” tall, having a light complexion, blue eyes, and dark hair.

When spring finally came, they heard that the first group of saints had headed west so they eagerly packed up their gear and headed out. They made good time in their travel and arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 29, 1847, only 5 days after the first company of saints had arrived with President Brigham Young. Nelson’s company included 140 of the Battalion and 40 of the saints that had been divided from other battalion companies. His entry to the valley was welcome because he brought 29 wagons, 1 carriage, 100 horses and mules, and 300 head of cattle. That greatly increased the strength of the new pioneer settlement in the Salt Lake Valley.

In 1849, the Higgins family was asked to move into the Sanpete Valley to help establish a settlement there. He first settled in Manti, where he was elected mayor in 1853, then northwest to the town of Moroni. His skills in establishing settlements must have been noticed because he was then asked to move to Carson Valley, Nevada to settle that area in 1855. Records show that he was there until at least 1857. In 1864, Nelson and his family returned to Richfield, Utah to help that new community, and was there ordained a bishop by Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball. The town was abandoned in 1867 because of Indian troubles, but regained in 1871 and Nelson Higgins resumed his position of bishop in that town until 1873. He then moved to Brooklyn, a small settlement between Elsinore and Monroe, and lived there for the rest of his life.

During these unsettled times in central and southern Utah, records indicate that Nelson Higgins married as plural wives, Margaret Duncan (1852) and Nancy Meribab Behmin (1856).

The areas of southern Utah that Nelson Higgins helped settle were under frequent attack by the local Indians, so Nelson aided in defense of those communities. He was successively captain, major and colonel during the Walker war while living in Sanpete County, and was a major and commanding officer all during the Black Hawk Indian war

The following is excerpted from Heart Throbs of the West and shows Nelson Higgins’ losses to the Indians in Utah during the early years of settlement. His submittal was for reimbursement.

Veterans of Blackhawk War Ask For
Remunerations For Losses Incurred
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
To Nelson Higgins
For Destruction of property by the Utah Indians in Utah Territory in the year 1853.
To destruction of one Saw Mill near Manti City, in Sanpete County
burnt by P Indians $3,000
To destruction of 75 saw logs at the mill burnt by P Indians @ $3 225
To destruction of 500 feet white pine board burnt by P Indians
3 cts 150
To destruction of one frame dwelling house 200
To destruction of sawn log dwelling house 150
To destruction of 50 rods post & rail fence @ $150-100
burnt by P Indians 75
To destruction of 10 acres of wheat, trampled down and
pastured off by P Indian horses (total loss) 200 bush. @ $2 400
To destruction of garden, vegetables, fruit trees, shrubbery
& by P Indian 50
To destruction of 100 bushels potatoes & carried away
by P Indian @ $1 100
Two cows driven away and killed by P Indian 60
One ox driven away and killed by P Indian 50
One horse taken by P Indians 100
Total $4,560
Territory of Utah
Great Salt Lake County

I, Nelson Higgins Do Solemnly swear that the foregoing account is correct and true, that the property therein named was actually destroyed and stolen by said Indians during the year 1853, in Utah Territory. That said property belonged unto me, and that the amount is set down as low as I would have taken in cash for the same, as therein stated. And that I have not received any remuneration for the same.
NELSON HIGGINS

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 21st day of February A.D., 1856 W. I. Appleby, cts 1st Dist Cent U. States for the Y. Utah

Nelson Higgins was feeble and scarcely able to move about during the last part of his life. He died in Elsinore, Sevier County, Utah on 20 Nov, 1890

Nelson Higgins Virtues: Commitment, Courage, Endurance, Hardship, Difficulty, Trials

In 1848 he (Isaac Morley) crossed the plains and came to Salt Lake Valley to find him a home somewhere there. In the spring of 1849, President Young called Father Morley, Nelson Higgins, Charles Shumway as commanders to go south to find a place for a colony to settle. They started with Chief Walker [?] for a guide. They entered Sanpete Valley and reached the present site of Manti, August 20, 1849. A company of about 10 [?] families came in. Some pitched their tents, some lived in dugouts, others in their wagon boxes through the winter. The snow was very deep. It took the men and boys to shovel the snow in winnows to bare the grass for food for the starving cattle. When it began to be warm weather, the people were startled by the hissing of rattlesnakes that would crawl into their boxes, beds and cupboards and everywhere in their homes.

In August, 1850, President Young visited the colony and called the town Manti, in honor of one of the cities mentioned in the Book of Mormon. The county was called Sanpete after an Indian tribe that inhabited this section of country. In a short time the Indians became hostile and commenced raiding the valley. The Indians were driving off the cattle and horses and often the news would come of some man being killed. The men were obliged to stand guard night and day. It was heard by the people that President Young thought it too much for so old a man as Father Morley, so he called him back to Salt Lake and furnished him a house to live in.

After a windy night, the morning was refreshingly cool. Thomas Bullock got up early to bath in the warm springs. He cleared the pool of its scum.

Brigham Young and the Twelve mounted horses and went to Emigration Canyon to greet the Pueblo company of Mormon Battalion soldiers and Mississippi Saints. They met them at the mouth of the canyon. Wilford Woodruff wrote: "We were truly glad to meet with them." They continued on up the canyon and met with the officers, James Brown, Nelson Higgins, and Wesley Willis. They determined that there were about 140 members of the battalion and families, and about 100 Mississippi Saints. [They lumped in the wives and children of the battalion members in with the totals of the Mississippi Saints. There were probably 190 members of the battalion including wives and children, and 50 Mississippi Saints.] They had with them 60 wagons, 100 horses and mules, and 300 head of cattle.

At 10 a.m. a heavy shower of rain fell. Water came roaring down the canyon like a flood gate had been opened. Elder Woodruff wrote: "The first rush of the water came down with a front 3 feet high. Some of the waggons had to stop untill it fell which was but a short time."

At noon, a few soldiers came into [Salt Lake Valley] camp and announced that the company would soon be arriving. They were delayed by a broken lead wagon.

A 3 p.m., the Pueblo company of about 240 men, women and children came within sight of the camp. The soldiers were in military order and many of them were mounted. They arrived at 3:30, marching to the fife and drum. They were led by the Twelve and officers of the battalion. The newcomers established their camp between the two established camps by City Creek. William Clayton wrote: "The brethren are represented as feeling well and cheerful." Thomas Bullock recorded: "The brethren were very much rejoiced at getting once more among their friends & a general congratulation took place." [The number of Saints now in the Valley was about 400. The battalion still planned to head for San Francisco to be discharged and to receive their pay, but their wagons were broken and their animals were failing, so it was time to rest.]

Battalion member John Hess wrote: "I had only the outfit of a discharged soldier which consisted of a small tent, a sheet iron kettle, a mess pan, two tin plates, two spoons, two knives and forks and a pair of blankets badly worn, two old quilts, ten pounds of flour and my dear, precious wife Emeline who had been with me through all the trials and the hardships, and had endured them all without a murmur."

[These new arrivals included a very welcome number of women. Included were these women of the battalion: Ruth Markham Abbott, Susan Smith Adams, Elizabeth Manwaring Allred, Ezadie Ford Allred, Harriet St. John Brown, Agnes Brown, Mary McCree Brown, Eunice Reasor Brown, Mary Bittels Button, Almira Higgins Chase[2], Jane Wells Cooper Hanks, Emeline Bigler Hess, Sarah Blackman Higgins, Mary Ann Hirons, Celia Mounts Hunt, Matilda Nease Hunt, Fanny Maria Allen Huntington, Sarah Kelley, Martha Jane Sargent, Mary Emeline Sessions, Elizabeth Trains Shelton, Sarah Shupe, Catherine Campbell Steele, Sophia Tubbs, and Isabella McNair Wilkin, and Albina M. Williams.]

[The soldiers of the battalion who arrived in the valley this day included: Joshua Abbott, Orson B. Adams, Franklin Allen, James T. Allred, Reuben W. Allred, Jeduthan Averett, Lorenzo Babcock, Samuel Badham, William E. Beckstead, James Bevan, Erastus Bingham Jr. Thomas Bingham Sr., William Bird, Abner Blackburn, Richard Brazier, John Brimhall, Alexander Brown, Daniel Brown, James Brown, James P. Brown, Jesse S. Brown, John Buchannan, Thomas R. Burns, William Burt, Montgomery Button, John M. Bybee, Alva C. Calkins, James W. Calkins, John H. Calvert, James G. Camp, Isaac Carpenter, William H. Carpenter, William W. Casto, James Cazier, John D. Chase, Haden W. Church, Albert Clark, George S. Clark, Allen Compton, George W. Cummings, Josiah Curtis, Edward Dalton, Harry Dalton, James Davis, Ralph Douglas, James Dunn, Francillo Durphee, James C. Earl, Marcus N. Eastman, David I. Frederick, David Garner, Philip Garner, William W. Gifford, Luther W. Glazier, James H. Glines, John C. Gould, Samuel J. Gould, William Gribble, Ebenezer Hanks, James Hendrickson, John W. Hess, Eli B. Hewitt, Alfred Higgins[1], Nelson Higgins[1], Azra E. Hinckley, James P. Hirons, Lucas Hoagland, Elijah E. Holden, Charles A. Hopkins, Henry Hoskins, Schuyler Hulet, Gilbert Hunt, Dimick B. Huntington, Charles A. Jackson, Henry B. Jacobs, Jarvis Johnson, Jesse W. Johnstun, Thomas Karren III, Nicholas Kelley, Loren E. Kenney, Barnabas Lake, Lisbon Lamb, Thurston Larson, David S. Laughlin, Elam Luddington, Maxie Maxwell, Erastus D. Mecham, Peter I. Mesick Daniel M. Miller, Harley W. Mowrey, William C. McClelland, Jabez T. Nowlin, James E. Oakley, William A. Park, David M. Perkins, Harmon D. Pierson, Judson A. Pierson, Thomas L. Richardson, Benjamin B. Richmond, Benjamin M. Roberts, Caratat C. Rowe, William Rowe, William W. Rust, Henry W. Sanderson, Abel M. Sargent, John Sessions, Albert Sharp, Sebert C. Shelton, Joseph Shipley, Andrew J. Shupe, James W. Shupe, Joseph Skeen, John G. Smith, Richard D. Smith, William Squires, John Steele, Lyman Stevens, Benjamin F. Stewart, James Stewart, Clark Stillman, Dexter Stillman, Myron Tanner, Joel J. Terrell, Hayward Thomas, Nathan T. Thomas, Solomon Tindell, William Tubbs, Madison J. Welch, Almon Whiting, Edmond W. Whiting, Francis T. Whiney, David Wilkin, Thomas S. Williams, William Wesley Willis, George D. Wilson, Lysander Woodworth, Charles Wright, Isaac N. Wriston, and John P. Wriston.]

[Let us not forget the battalion children who arrived, including: Mary Ann Brown (five years), David Black Brown, John Taylor Brown (one month), Sarah Jane Brown (thirteen years), John Reed Hancock (five years) Nathan Hart, Louisa Button, Almira Higgins[2], Drusilla Higgins (fourteen years)[3], Wealthy Matilda Higgins, (two months)[3], Mary Hunt (two years), Martha Zina Huntington (three years), Parley Kelly, Sarah Mayfield, Jackson Mayfield, John Mayfield, Andrew Duncan Park (two years), Caroline Sargent (eleven years), Sarah Ellen Sharp (eight months), Carolyne Shelton, Mariah Shelton, Elizabeth Margaret Shupe (four months), Mary Steele (six years), Caroline Marian Williams (four years), and Ephraim Thomas Williams (two years)]

[NOTE: The above list of children who arrived is incomplete, records show that these battalion children of Nelson and Sarah Higgins also arrived: Nelson Daniel (eleven years), Heber Kimball (seven years), Carlos Smith (five years)]

[The Mississippi company of Saints coming into the valley this day, usually forgotten in history, included this partial list: Absalom Porter Dowdle, Sarah Robinson Dowdle, Sarah Catherine Dowdle (age two months), George Washington Gibson, Mark Sparks Gibson, Robert M. Gibson, Mary D. Gibson, William Gibson (twelve years), Moses Gibson (seven years), Frances A. Gibson (fifteen years), Laura A. Gibson (thirteen years), Manomas L. Gibson (five years), Joseph Smith Gibson, James Harmon, Mary Blanks Harmon Josephine Harmon (two years), James B. Harmon, Paralee A. Harmon, Sarah E. Harmon, John T. Harmon (three months), (two years), John Holladay, Catherine Higgins Holladay, John Daniel Holladay, Karen H. Holladay (seventeen years), Kezia D Holladay (fifteen years), David H. Holladay (Thirteen years), Thomas M. Holladay (eleven years), Leonora Holladay (eight years), Lydia Gibson Hunt, William Decatur Kartchner, Margaret Casteel Kartchner, Allen Freeman Smithson, Letitia Holladay Smithson, John Bartley Smithson (five years), Sarah Catherine Smithson (four years), James David Smithson (two years), Mary Emma SMithson (one year), William Cox Smithson, George W. Sparks, Lorena Roberds Sparks, Benjamin F. Mathews, Temperance Weeks Matthews, and Mary E. Matthews].

At 5 p.m. the Twelve returned and then went north to the warm springs and bathed. They returned for supper. After he ate, Heber C. Kimball asked Howard Egan to come into his wagon and read the minutes of the last Sunday's meeting. After that, Heber C. Kimball, Edson Whipple, and Howard Egan took a walk. Brother Egan recorded: "We had a very pleasant evening's conversation, then joined in prayer and returned to camp about 11 p.m. The evening was pleasant."

David R. Crockett

Foot Notes:
[1] Alfred Higgins is Nelson Higgins son.
[2] Nelson's daughter Almira Higgins (17 years) was married to John Darwin Chase. Before joining the battalion John left his son Amos, from his first marrage, in the care of Almira, yet his name is not listed in the childrens list above. ? ? Almira is also listed in the children list.
[3] Drusilla and Wealtha (Wealthy) are Nelson and Sarah's children.

Richfield, sometimes referred to as the "hub of Central Utah," is the county seat of Sevier County. It is located 160 miles south of Salt Lake City, placing it near the center of the state. The altitude is 5,280 feet and the climate is moderate, with typical average temperatures from 90[[ring]] high to 50[[ring]] low in the summer and 43[[ring]] high and 16[[ring]] low in winter. The city covers an area of four square miles and in 1990 had a population of 5,593.

In July 1863 George W. Bean was called by Mormon apostle George A. Smith, who was presiding over the Utah Valley area, to take a small exploring party and go up the Sevier River above Gunnison and look for suitable locations for settlements. After crossing to the west side of the Sevier River, the party found a big spring where Richfield was later settled. There they found fertile soil, good water, and wood in the nearby hills. The party, returning by way of Spring City, met Mormon Apostle Orson Hyde, who informed them that the settlement of Sevier Valley was under his direction.

In January 1864 an independent party of ten men under the leadership of Albert Lewis came from Sanpete and arrived in what is now Richfield on 6 January. In the winter of 1864 Orson Hyde called additional families to go. Some bought their way out, but others responded to the call to settle. The first two white women in Richfield were Ann Swindle and Charlotte Doxford. The first settlement was called Big Springs or Warm Springs, after the life-giving spring at the foot of the red hills to the west. The settlement later was called Omni after a prophet in the Book of Mormon. The name was changed to Richfield because of the fertile soil. The first dwelling places were dugouts.

The early settlers wasted no time. August Nelson planted cottonwood saplings and Joseph F. Doxford even organized a martial band. A temporary bowery was built. Early in 1865 about 100 more families arrived, most from Sanpete Valley. In February 1865 the first schoolhouse was built; the first teacher in the school was Hans P. Miller. A fort was started in the fall of 1865; each man who owned a city lot was required to build one rod (16.5 feet) of wall.

In 1864 Nelson Higgins, a veteran of the Mormon Battalion, was selected as temporary president of the settlement. In 1865 Black Hawk and his band of Indians took ninety head of stock from nearby Salina, killing two settlers working in the canyon. Other attacks followed. For safety, about forty families from nearby Glenwood moved to Richfield. Three settlers, Jens Peter Petersen, his wife Amalia, and Mary Smith were killed by Indians between Richfield and Glenwood on 21 March 1867; this became a deciding factor in the evacuation of the settlement, which was completed by April. In 1871 many of the former settlers returned and took up their old homesteads. By July 1872 there were 150 families in the area. In March 1874 Bishop Williams Seegmiller reported 145 families, 172 men, and a total of 753 persons in Richfield. There were 117 children attending school.